If you have chronic kidney disease (CKD), your diet should be tailored to your kidney function, particularly your glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This reflects how effectively your kidneys clear waste and regulate electrolytes. As GFR declines, the kidneys become less able to excrete sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and fluid, which can lead to biochemical disturbances and clinical symptoms. Once GFR falls below 30, stricter dietary restrictions are usually recommended to reduce the risk of complications such as hyperkalemia, fluid overload, and mineral bone disease. Typical intake targets include:
- Sodium: less than 2g per day
- Potassium: no fixed value; adjusted based on blood levels
- Phosphate: 0.8–1g per day
- Calcium: less than 1,000mg per day
When GFR is preserved and blood tests remain stable, dietary flexibility is generally safe. However, GFR is not the only factor—some patients may lose excessive amounts of sodium, potassium, or phosphate and require supplementation. Because kidney disease varies widely in cause and presentation, dietary advice must be individualized.
Protein intake also plays a key role. While protein breakdown can contribute to waste accumulation, excessive restriction risks malnutrition and poorer outcomes. For patients not on dialysis, a general target of 0.8g/kg/day is recommended. Those on dialysis typically require 1.0–1.2g/kg/day to support tissue repair and prevent muscle loss. These values may vary depending on individual needs.
Dietary changes are a cornerstone of CKD management, helping to reduce the buildup of waste products and control electrolyte imbalances that can lead to serious complications such as hyperkalemia, fluid overload, and mineral bone disease. By tailoring intake of sodium, potassium, phosphate, protein, and fluid to the stage of CKD and individual lab results, patients can stabilise their biochemical profile and reduce symptom burden. These adjustments not only improve day-to-day wellbeing but also slow disease progression and support better long-term health outcomes. A well-structured renal diet, guided by regular monitoring and clinical advice, empowers patients to play an active role in their care and can significantly influence the trajectory of their condition.
If you’re unsure what diet is right for you, speak with your GP. If concerns persist, reach out to us to arrange an appointment today.
